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Support for Violent Regimes?
Federal German Military Cooperation with Rwanda, 1962–1994
Since the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany, all federal governments have claimed to pursue a policy geared towards peace. During the East-West conflict, however, they often supported autocratic or dictatorial regimes with dubious human rights records, including Rwanda, which gained independence in 1962. In 1994, a criminal elite murdered hundreds of thousands of Tutsis in this small East African country. The federal German government had supported the Rwandan army, which was heavily involved in the genocide. Between 1978 and 1994, a German military advisory group was deployed to Kigali; the FRG had also previously provided equipment and training assistance. Recently declassified files, however, show that the federal ministries were less interested in increasing the efficiency of the Rwandan armed forces or in establishing democracy; instead, within the logic of the East-West conflict, they strove to maintain good relations to secure support for their own policy. Due to foreign policy considerations the federal ministries continued the military cooperation after 1990. When the situation escalated into genocide, the German government was taken by surprise.